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This volume analyzes the cultural and intellectual impact of the
war, considering how it reshaped Americans' spiritual, cultural,
and intellectual habits. The Civil War engendered an existential
crisis more profound even than the changes of the previous decades.
Its duration, scale, and intensity drove Americans to question how
they understood themselves as people. The chapters in the third
volume distinguish the varied impacts of the conflict in different
places on people's sense of themselves. Focusing on particular
groups within the war, including soldiers, families, refugees,
enslaved people, and black soldiers, the chapters cover a broad
range of ways that participants made sense of the conflict as well
as how the war changed their attitudes about gender, religion,
ethnicity, and race. The volume concludes with a series of essays
evaluating the ways Americans have memorialized and remembered the
Civil War in art, literature, film, and public life.
This volume narrates the major battles and campaigns of the
conflict, conveying the full military experience during the Civil
War. The military encounters between Union and Confederate soldiers
and between both armies and irregular combatants and true
non-combatants structured the four years of war. These encounters
were not solely defined by violence, but military encounters gave
the war its central architecture. Chapters explore well-known
battles, such as Antietam and Gettysburg, as well as military
conflict in more abstract places, defined by political qualities
(like the border or the West) or physical ones (such as rivers or
seas). Chapters also explore the nature of civil-military relations
as Union armies occupied parts of the South and garrison troops
took up residence in southern cities and towns, showing that the
Civil War was not solely a series of battles but a sustained
process that drew people together in more ambiguous settings and
outcomes.
This volume explores the political and social dimensions of the
Civil War in both the North and South. Millions of Americans lived
outside the major campaign zones so they experienced secondary
exposure to military events through newspaper reporting and letters
home from soldiers. Governors and Congressmen assumed a major role
in steering the personnel decisions, strategic planning, and
methods of fighting, but regular people also played roles in direct
military action, as guerrilla fighters, as nurses and doctors, and
as military contractors. Chapters investigate a variety of aspects
of military leadership and management, including coverage of
technology, discipline, finance, the environment, and health and
medicine. Chapters also consider the political administration of
the war, examining how antebellum disputes over issues such as
emancipation and the draft resulted in a shift of partisan dynamics
and the ways that people of all stripes took advantage of the flux
of war to advance their own interests.
The Cambridge History of the American Civil War provides the most
comprehensive analysis to date of the American Civil War. With
contributions from over seventy-five leading historians of the
Civil War, the three-volume reference work investigates the full
range of human experiences and outcomes in this most transformative
moment in American and global history. Volume 1 is organized around
military affairs, assessing major battles and campaigns of the
conflict. Volume 2 explores political and social affairs, conveying
the experiences of millions of Americans who lived outside the
major campaign zones in both the North and South. Volume 3 examines
cultural and intellectual affairs, considering how the War's
duration, scale, and intensity drove Americans to question how they
understood themselves as people. The volumes conclude with an
assessment of the legacies of the Civil War, demonstrating that its
impact on American life shaped the country in the decades long
after the end of the War.
An innovative global history of the American Civil War, Reckoning
with Rebellion compares and contrasts the American experience with
other civil and national conflicts that happened at nearly the same
time-the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Polish Insurrection of 1863,
and China's Taiping Rebellion. Aaron Sheehan-Dean identifies
surprising new connections between these historical moments across
three continents. Sheehan-Dean shows that insurgents around the
globe often relied on irregular warfare and were labeled as
criminals, mutineers, or rebels by the dominant powers. He traces
commonalities between the United States, British, Russian, and
Chinese empires, all large and ambitious states willing to use
violence to maintain their authority. These powers were also able
to control how these conflicts were described, affecting the way
foreigners perceived them and whether they decided to
intercede.While the stories of these conflicts are now told
separately, Sheehan-Dean argues, the participants understood them
in relation to each other. When Union officials condemned
secession, they pointed to the violence unleashed by the Indian
Rebellion. When Confederates denounced Abraham Lincoln as a tyrant,
they did so by comparing him to Tsar Alexander II. Sheehan-Dean
demonstrates that the causes and issues of the Civil War were also
global problems, revealing the important paradigms at work in the
age of nineteenth-century nation-building.A volume in the series
Frontiers of the American South, edited by William A. Link
Winner of the Jefferson Davis Award Winner of the Johns Family Book
Award Winner of the Army Historical Foundation Distinguished
Writing Award "A work of deep intellectual seriousness, sweeping
and yet also delicately measured, this book promises to resolve
longstanding debates about the nature of the Civil War." -Gregory
P. Downs, author of After Appomattox Shiloh, Chancellorsville,
Gettysburg-tens of thousands of soldiers died on these iconic Civil
War battlefields, and throughout the South civilians suffered
terrible cruelty. At least three-quarters of a million lives were
lost during the American Civil War. Given its seemingly
indiscriminate mass destruction, this conflict is often thought of
as the first "total war." But Aaron Sheehan-Dean argues for another
interpretation. The Calculus of Violence demonstrates that this
notoriously bloody war could have been much worse. Military forces
on both sides sought to contain casualties inflicted on soldiers
and civilians. In Congress, in church pews, and in letters home,
Americans debated the conditions under which lethal violence was
legitimate, and their arguments differentiated carefully among
victims-women and men, black and white, enslaved and free.
Sometimes, as Sheehan-Dean shows, these well-meaning restraints led
to more carnage by implicitly justifying the killing of people who
were not protected by the laws of war. As the Civil War raged on,
the Union's confrontations with guerrillas and the Confederacy's
confrontations with black soldiers forced a new reckoning with
traditional categories of lawful combatants and raised legal
disputes that still hang over military operations around the world
today. In examining the agonizing debates about the meaning of a
just war in the Civil War era, Sheehan-Dean discards conventional
abstractions-total, soft, limited-as too tidy to contain what
actually happened on the ground.
This volume narrates the major battles and campaigns of the
conflict, conveying the full military experience during the Civil
War. The military encounters between Union and Confederate soldiers
and between both armies and irregular combatants and true
non-combatants structured the four years of war. These encounters
were not solely defined by violence, but military encounters gave
the war its central architecture. Chapters explore well-known
battles, such as Antietam and Gettysburg, as well as military
conflict in more abstract places, defined by political qualities
(like the border or the West) or physical ones (such as rivers or
seas). Chapters also explore the nature of civil-military relations
as Union armies occupied parts of the South and garrison troops
took up residence in southern cities and towns, showing that the
Civil War was not solely a series of battles but a sustained
process that drew people together in more ambiguous settings and
outcomes.
This volume explores the political and social dimensions of the
Civil War in both the North and South. Millions of Americans lived
outside the major campaign zones so they experienced secondary
exposure to military events through newspaper reporting and letters
home from soldiers. Governors and Congressmen assumed a major role
in steering the personnel decisions, strategic planning, and
methods of fighting, but regular people also played roles in direct
military action, as guerrilla fighters, as nurses and doctors, and
as military contractors. Chapters investigate a variety of aspects
of military leadership and management, including coverage of
technology, discipline, finance, the environment, and health and
medicine. Chapters also consider the political administration of
the war, examining how antebellum disputes over issues such as
emancipation and the draft resulted in a shift of partisan dynamics
and the ways that people of all stripes took advantage of the flux
of war to advance their own interests.
The Cambridge History of the American Civil War provides the most
comprehensive analysis to date of the American Civil War. With
contributions from over seventy-five leading historians of the
Civil War, the three-volume reference work investigates the full
range of human experiences and outcomes in this most transformative
moment in American and global history. Volume 1 is organized around
military affairs, assessing major battles and campaigns of the
conflict. Volume 2 explores political and social affairs, conveying
the experiences of millions of Americans who lived outside the
major campaign zones in both the North and South. Volume 3 examines
cultural and intellectual affairs, considering how the War's
duration, scale, and intensity drove Americans to question how they
understood themselves as people. The volumes conclude with an
assessment of the legacies of the Civil War, demonstrating that its
impact on American life shaped the country in the decades long
after the end of the War.
This volume analyzes the cultural and intellectual impact of the
war, considering how it reshaped Americans' spiritual, cultural,
and intellectual habits. The Civil War engendered an existential
crisis more profound even than the changes of the previous decades.
Its duration, scale, and intensity drove Americans to question how
they understood themselves as people. The chapters in the third
volume distinguish the varied impacts of the conflict in different
places on people's sense of themselves. Focusing on particular
groups within the war, including soldiers, families, refugees,
enslaved people, and black soldiers, the chapters cover a broad
range of ways that participants made sense of the conflict as well
as how the war changed their attitudes about gender, religion,
ethnicity, and race. The volume concludes with a series of essays
evaluating the ways Americans have memorialized and remembered the
Civil War in art, literature, film, and public life.
In a series of columns published in the African American newspaper
The Christian Recorder, the young, charismatic preacher Henry
McNeal Turner described his experience of the Civil War, first from
the perspective of a civilian observer in Washington, D.C., and
later, as one of the Union army's first black chaplains. In the
halls of Congress, Turner witnessed the debates surrounding
emancipation and black enlistment. As army chaplain, Turner dodged
""grape"" and cannon, comforted the sick and wounded, and settled
disputes between white southerners and their former slaves. He was
dismayed by the destruction left by Sherman's army in the
Carolinas, but buoyed by the bravery displayed by black soldiers in
battle. After the war ended, he helped establish churches and
schools for the freedmen, who previously had been prohibited from
attending either. Throughout his columns, Turner evinces his firm
belief in the absolute equality of blacks with whites, and insists
on civil rights for all black citizens. In vivid, detailed prose,
laced with a combination of trenchant commentary and
self-deprecating humor, Turner established himself as more than an
observer: he became a distinctive and authoritative voice for the
black community, and a leader in the African Methodist Episcopal
church. After Reconstruction failed, Turner became disillusioned
with the American dream and became a vocal advocate of black
emigration to Africa, prefiguring black nationalists such as Marcus
Garvey and Malcolm X. Here, however, we see Turner's youthful
exuberance and optimism, and his open-eyed wonder at the momentous
changes taking place in American society. Well-known in his day,
Turner has been relegated to the fringes of African American
history, in large part because neither his views nor the forms in
which he expressed them were recognized by either the black or
white elite. With an introduction by Jean Lee Cole and a foreword
by Aaron Sheehan-Dean, Freedom's Witness: The Civil War
Correspondence of Henry McNeal Turner restores this important
figure to the historical and literary record.
In a series of columns published in the African American newspaper
The Christian Recorder, the young, charismatic preacher Henry
McNeal Turner described his experience of the Civil War, first from
the perspective of a civilian observer in Washington, D.C., and
later, as one of the Union army's first black chaplains. In the
halls of Congress, Turner witnessed the debates surrounding
emancipation and black enlistment. As army chaplain, Turner dodged
""grape"" and cannon, comforted the sick and wounded, and settled
disputes between white southerners and their former slaves. He was
dismayed by the destruction left by Sherman's army in the
Carolinas, but buoyed by the bravery displayed by black soldiers in
battle. After the war ended, he helped establish churches and
schools for the freedmen, who previously had been prohibited from
attending either. Throughout his columns, Turner evinces his firm
belief in the absolute equality of blacks with whites, and insists
on civil rights for all black citizens. In vivid, detailed prose,
laced with a combination of trenchant commentary and
self-deprecating humor, Turner established himself as more than an
observer: he became a distinctive and authoritative voice for the
black community, and a leader in the African Methodist Episcopal
church. After Reconstruction failed, Turner became disillusioned
with the American dream and became a vocal advocate of black
emigration to Africa, prefiguring black nationalists such as Marcus
Garvey and Malcolm X. Here, however, we see Turner's youthful
exuberance and optimism, and his open-eyed wonder at the momentous
changes taking place in American society. Well-known in his day,
Turner has been relegated to the fringes of African American
history, in large part because neither his views nor the forms in
which he expressed them were recognized by either the black or
white elite. With an introduction by Jean Lee Cole and a foreword
by Aaron Sheehan-Dean, Freedom's Witness: The Civil War
Correspondence of Henry McNeal Turner restores this important
figure to the historical and literary record.
The fourth book in the Virginia at War series casts a special
light on vital home front matters in Virginia during 1864.
Following a year in which only one major battle was fought on
Virginia soil, 1864 brought military campaigning to the Old
Dominion. For the first time during the Civil War, the majority of
Virginia's forces fought inside the state's borders. Yet soldiers
were a distinct minority among the Virginians affected by the war.
In Virginia at War, 1864, scholars explore various aspects of the
civilian experience in Virginia including transportation and
communication, wartime literature, politics and the press, higher
education, patriotic celebrations, and early efforts at
reconstruction in Union-occupied Virginia. The volume focuses on
the effects of war on the civilian infrastructure as well as
efforts to maintain the Confederacy. As in previous volumes, the
book concludes with an edited and annotated excerpt of the Judith
Brockenbrough McGuire diary.
This title discusses the motivations for continuing the fight. In
the first comprehensive study of the experience of Virginia
soldiers and their families in the Civil War, Aaron Sheehan-Dean
captures the inner world of the rank-and-file. He challenges
earlier arguments that middle- and lower-class southerners
gradually withdrew their support for the Confederacy because their
class interests were not being met. Instead he argues that Virginia
soldiers continued to be motivated by the profound emotional
connection between military service and the protection of home and
family, even as the war dragged on.
Civil War scholars have long used soldiers' diaries and
correspondence to flesh out their studies of the conflict's great
officers, regiments, and battles. However, historians have only
recently begun to treat the common Civil War soldier's daily life
as a worthwhile topic of discussion in its own right. The View from
the Ground reveals the beliefs of ordinary men and women on topics
ranging from slavery and racism to faith and identity and
represents a significant development in historical scholarship --
the use of Civil War soldiers' personal accounts to address larger
questions about America's past. Aaron Sheehan-Dean opens The View
from the Ground by surveying the landscape of research on Union and
Confederate soldiers, examining not only the wealth of scholarly
inquiry in the 1980s and 1990s but also the numerous questions that
remain unexplored. Chandra Manning analyzes the views of white
Union soldiers on slavery and their enthusiastic support for
emancipation. Jason Phillips uncovers the deep antipathy of
Confederate soldiers toward their Union adversaries, and Lisa
Laskin explores tensions between soldiers and civilians in the
Confederacy that represented a serious threat to the fledgling
nation's survival. Essays by David Rolfs and Kent Dollar examine
the nature of religious faith among Civil War combatants. The grim
and gruesome realities of warfare -- and the horror of killing
one's enemy at close range -- profoundly tested the spiritual
convictions of the fighting men. Timothy J. Orr, Charles E. Brooks,
and Kevin Levin demonstrate that Union and Confederate soldiers
maintained their political beliefs both on the battlefield and in
the war's aftermath. Orr details the conflict between Union
soldiers and Northern antiwar activists in Pennsylvania, and Brooks
examines a struggle between officers and the Fourth Texas Regiment.
Levin contextualizes political struggles among Southerners in the
1880s and 1890s as a continuing battle kept alive by memories of,
and identities associated with, their wartime experiences. The View
from the Ground goes beyond standard histories that discuss
soldiers primarily in terms of campaigns and casualties. These
essays show that soldiers on both sides were authentic historical
actors who willfully steered the course of the Civil War and shaped
subsequent public memory of the event.
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